The incidence of malaria increases in areas where the rainy season coincides with high temperatures. Soil nutrients are washed away and erosion increases. Floods and rains cause rivers to overflow their banks, and some animals to retreat to higher ground. The wet season is a time when air quality improves, freshwater quality improves and vegetation grows significantly due to the wet season supplementing flora, leading to crop yields late in the season. When the wet season occurs during the warm season, or summer, precipitation falls mainly during the late afternoon and early evening hours. Some areas with pronounced rainy seasons see a break in rainfall during mid-season when the intertropical convergence zone or monsoon trough moves poleward of their location during the middle of the warm season typical vegetation in these areas ranges from moist seasonal tropical forests to savannahs. Under the Köppen climate classification, for tropical climates, a wet-season month is defined as one or more months where average precipitation is 60 mm (2.4 in) or more. Areas with wet seasons are disseminated across portions of the tropics and subtropics, some even in temperate regions. The wet season, rainy season or green season is the time of year, ranging from one or more months, when most of the average annual rainfall in a region falls. Many tropical areas have both a dry and a wet season. Aerial view of Bora Bora, French Polynesia Tropical sunset over the sea in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia The sub-tropical minima are under the descending branch and cause the formation of desert areas. The precipitation maximum, which follows the solar equator through the year, is under the rising branch of the Hadley circulation. Seasons and climate A graph showing the zonally averaged monthly precipitation The tropics receive more precipitation than higher latitudes. This angle is not perfectly fixed, mainly due to the influence of the moon, but the limits of tropics are a geographic convention, and their variance from the true latitudes is very small. Likewise, they approximate the angle of the Earth's axial tilt. Thus the maximum latitudes of the tropics have equal distance from the equator on either side. This means that the tropical zone includes everywhere on Earth which is a subsolar point at least once during the solar year. The Tropic of Cancer is the Northernmost latitude from which the Sun can ever be seen directly overhead, and the Tropic of Capricorn is the Southernmost. The tropics are defined as the region between the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at 23☂6′10.3″ (or 23.43619°) N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at 23☂6′10.3″ (or 23.43619°) S these latitudes correspond to the axial tilt of the Earth. Astronomical definition Relationship of Earth's axial tilt (ε) to the tropical and polar circles: the Tropic of Cancer is a subsolar point only at the June solstice, and the Tropic of Capricorn is only at the December solstice The word "tropic" comes via Latin from Ancient Greek τροπή ( tropē), meaning "to turn" or "change direction". These changes in weather conditions may make certain parts of the tropics uninhabitable. Because of global warming, the weather conditions of the tropics are expanding with areas in the subtropics, having more extreme weather events such as heatwaves and more intense storms. As of 2014, the region was home also to 40% of the world's population, and this figure was then projected to reach 50% by 2050. The tropics constitute 39.8% of Earth's surface area and contain 36% of Earth's landmass. The tropics are distinguished from the other climatic and biomatic regions of Earth, which are the middle latitudes and the polar regions on either side of the equatorial zone. The tropical zone includes deserts and snow-capped mountains, which are not tropical in the climatic sense. The word "tropical" sometimes refers to this sort of climate in the zone rather than to the geographical zone itself. In terms of climate, the tropics receive sunlight that is more direct than the rest of Earth and are generally hotter and wetter as they aren't affected as much by the solar seasons. The tropics are also referred to as the tropical zone and the torrid zone (see geographical zone). They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at 23☂6′10.3″ (or 23.43619°) N and the Tropic of Capricorn in The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. World map with the intertropical zone highlighted in crimson Areas of the world with tropical climates For other uses, see Tropic (disambiguation) and Tropical (disambiguation).
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